![]() ![]() The study focuses on two disorders, depressive disorders (DD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in which social impairments are commonly identified. ![]() ![]() Impairments in ToM could lead to difficulties or even deficits in social interaction. ![]() To explore the minds of others is perhaps the most fundamental ability of humans as social beings, commonly referred to as Theory of Mind (ToM) 1, 2, which begins at birth and could extend into the whole lifetime. Here we report the obtained differential features among healthy controls, DD and ASD individuals that overcome the subjectivity of conventional questionnaire-based assessment, and therefore could serve as valuable references for mental health applications based on AI-aided digital medicine. Our model is based on a large sample size ( n > 700) and a novel audio-visual paradigm using visual scenes containing cognitive-emotional meanings. Through recording individuals’ eye movements while looking at the visual scenes, our model enables us to accurately measure each stage involved in the computation of cognitive-affective ToM, thereby allowing us to infer about potential difficulties that might occur in each stage. To address this problem, we propose an innovative conceptual framework, referred to as visual theory of mind (V-ToM), by constructing visual scenes with emotional and cognitive meanings and by depicting explicitly a four-stage process of how humans make inferences about the beliefs and emotions of others. However, most prior studies failed to capture the underlying processes involved in the cognitive-affective ToM in a fine-grained manner. Charting both typical and atypical trajectories underlying the cognitive-affective ToM promises to shed light on the precision identification of mental disorders, such as depressive disorders (DD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study focuses on two core components of ToM, the ability to infer others’ beliefs and the ability to infer others’ emotions, which we refer to as cognitive and affective ToM respectively. All rights reserved.To explore the minds of others, which is traditionally referred to as Theory of Mind (ToM), is perhaps the most fundamental ability of humans as social beings. Finally, we develop perspectives for future research trajectories aiming to further elucidate the processes by which prosocial decisions are formed, by linking process measures to usually unobservable cognitive and affective reactions.Īffect Cognition Process Prosociality Social preferences.Ĭopyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. We discuss how these theoretical perspectives are mirrored in empirical evidence, drawn from classical outcome-oriented as well as contemporary process-tracing research. We review theories speaking to the interconnections of cognition and affect, identifying the need for further theory development regarding modeling moment-by-moment decision-making processes. We discuss how modeling behavior in social dilemmas can be expanded by integrating cognitive theories and attention-based models of decision processes, and models of affective influences on prosocial decision-making. One piece of the puzzle to prosocial behavior is understanding its underlying cognitive and affective processes. ![]()
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